|
Anchorage.
The
complete
assemblage
of members
and parts,
designed
to hold in
correct
position a
part of a
structure.
pp. 1, 31,
32, 37,
42, 49, 85
Anchor
sill
plate.
pp. 8, 9,
10, 17
Base
Isolation.
The use of
vibration
isolators
(also
referred
to as
'bearings')
to support
a
structure
while
allowing
it to move
sideways
independently
of the
ground
wehn
subjected
to
earthquakes.
Bearing
seats.
A
horizontal
surface
which the
bearings
are placed
upon and
which
support
the ends
of a
bridge
span. p.
78
Bolsters.
Reinforced
concrete
elements
or member
used to
support a
pier cap
bearing or
the
abutment
bridge
seat, and
which
increases
the
strength
of the cap
beam. p.
84
Cable
restrainers.
Cables
used to
tie bridge
girders
between
adjacent
spans. pp.
75, 76
Cap
beam.
The part
of a
bridge
that sits
on top of
the
columns
and
supports
the span.
pp. 68,
76, 82
Carbon
fiber
wrap/sheets.
Thread-like
strands of
pure
carbon
bound in a
plastic
resin
matrix to
form a
strong
reinforcing
material.
pp. 24,
26, 68
Cement
plaster
(stucco).
Material
that
provides a
durable
cement-based
finish on
residential
and other
low-rise
construction.
p. 38
Chord.
A
continuous
steel
member
used to
tie floor
and/or
roof
systems to
the load
bearing
walls of a
building.
p. 14
Compression
struts.
Structural
support
members
used to
sustain
compression
and
provide
support.
p. 43
Corbel.
A brick,
block, or
bracket
that
projects
from the
face of a
wall and
supports
an
overhanging
member.
pp. 31, 35
Cornice.
A
horizontal
molded
projection
that
crowns or
completes
a building
or wall.
pp. 31, 35
Cripple
wall.
A short
stud wall
that
extends
from the
base of a
crawlspace
foundation
to carry
the floor
joists.
pp. 10, 17
Cross
bracing.
Horizontal
or
diagonal
elements
between
vertical
supports
used to
provide
lateral
bracing of
structures.
pp. 11,
20, 29, 98
Crosswalls.
Walls
designed
to absorb
energy and
limit
displacements
of long
walls due
to
earthquakes.
pp. 8, 9,
22
Dampen.
To
restrain
or deaden
vibration.
p. 28
Dampers.
Commonly
called
fluid
viscous
dampers,
they act
as shock
absorbers
by
absorbing
some of an
earthquake's
ground
movement.
pp. 9, 29,
99
Diaphragm.
Floor
and/or
roof deck
systems
that carry
lateral
forces
across the
building
to
supporting
structural
elements.
pp. 1, 5,
12, 77
Ductility.
The
property
of a
material
to absorb
large
inelastic
deformations
before
failing.
p. 4
Epoxy
anchor.
A threaded
rod
inserted
into a
drilled
hole
filled
with epoxy
or another
chemical
resin to
secure the
rod. pp.
25, 35
Epoxy
grout.
A thin
mortar
used to
fill
cracks and
crevices
in
concrete
or
masonry.
p. 19
Expansion
joint.
For
bridges
and other
structures,
it is a
joint
between
two parts
of a
structure
that
allows for
expansion
of both
parts due
to
temperature
changes.
For
utilities,
such as
pipelines,
it is a
flexible
connector
that
allows for
movement
during an
earthquake
without
breaking.
pp. 81, 92
Girder.
Steel,
wood, or
reinforced
concrete
beam used
as a main
horizontal
support in
a building
or bridge.
pp. 76,77,
78, 81, 82
Inelastic
deformation.
Occurs
when an
element
deforms as
force is
applied,
but does
not return
to its
original
shape
after the
force is
removed.
p. 4
Isolation
bearings.
Bearings
in
buildings
or bridges
that
absorb
lateral
movements
and
isolate
them from
the rest
of the
structure,
reducing
the impact
to the
structure
and
assisting
it to move
as a unit.
pp. 28, 80
Lock-up
device. A
piece of
equipment
connecting
bridge
spans that
allows for
normal
expansion
and
contraction
but
increases
structural
integrity
by
'locking
up' when
the
structure
is
subjected
to seismic
forces. p.
79
Parapet.
A wall
placed at
the edge
of a roof
to create
a
firebreak
between
buildings
and
prevent
people
from
falling.
pp. 9, 31,
34
Pedestal.
An
architectural
support or
base for a
column. p.
46
Prestress.
To
strengthen
concrete
by
compressing
it so it
will
counteract
tension
forces
resulting
from
earthquakes.
p. 83
Reinforced
concrete.
Concrete
in which
steel bars
or wires
are
embedded
to
increase
the
strength
of
concrete
in
tension,
shear, and
bending.
pp. 4, 8,
9, 12, 34,
76, 84,
Reinforced
masonry.
Cast or
formed
bricks or
blocks in
which
steel bars
or wires
are
embedded.
pp. 1, 4,
7, 12, 18,
19, 24,
25, 30,
31, 45
Seismic
forces.
Forces
created by
ground
movement
during an
earthquake.
pp. 11,
38, 50,
69, 75, 99
Shear.
Stress in
which
opposing
forces act
on an
object,
causing
two parts
or layers
to slide
against
each
other. pp.
3, 4, 15,
66, 70,
71, 73, 75
Shear
anchors. Metal
rods with
threaded
ends that
are used
to prevent
sliding
between
the
floor/roof
systems
and walls
of a
building.
pp. 12,
14, 18,
19, 34
Shear
blocks.
Reinforced
concrete
blocks
installed
on the cap
beams of
bridges to
prevent
girders
from
moving
sideways
at their
bearings.
pp. 75, 76
Shear
walls.
Vertical
walls made
from
reinforced
concrete,
reinforced
masonry or
wood
stiffen
buildings
and help
structures
resist
sideways
earthquake
forces.
pp. 5, 8
Shotcrete.
Consists
of
concrete
that can
be sprayed
on
specially
designed
walls and
other
surfaces.
pp. 8, 25,
34, 38
Simply
supported
span.
A span
that must
be
supported
on both
ends to
prevent
collapse.
p. 81
Snubbers.
Devices
that limit
displacements
of
vibrating
equipment
during
earthquakes
to reduce
or prevent
damage. p.
50
Soft
story
condition.
A floor
level that
has
stiffness
significantly
less than
the story
above it,
such as
buildings
with large
foyers or
open
spaces on
the first
floor. pp.
20, 21
Steel
jackets.
A steel
casing
that is
welded or
bolted
around a
concrete
column to
increase
strength.
pp. 68, 69
Substructure.
The
foundation
elements
that
support
the
building
or bridge.
p. 65
Superstructure.
The parts
of a
building
or bridge
above the
foundation.
p. 75
Tendon.
A
high-strength
steel
cable used
to
prestress
or connect
structural
elements.
p. 83
Tension
ties. Steel
anchor
bolts used
to
strengthen
connections
between
the roof
or floor
and the
walls. pp.
12, 14,
18, 19, 34
Unseating.
To
dislodge
an element
from the
bearing or
member
supporting
it. p. 76
Vibration
isolator.
A device,
such as a
shock
absorber
or spring,
that
prevents
transfer
of
vibrations
from one
element to
another.
pp. 28, 50
| 