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Books and Articles by Randolph Langenbach on the subject of 

EARTHQUAKES AND TRADITIONAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

                  In reverse chronological order-most recent first.  Publications available here on web marked in Blue
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	"Learning from the past to protect the future: Armature Crosswalls," Engineering Structures, Vol. 30, Nr. 8, Elsevier Ltd, pg. 2096-2100, August 2008.
	2 Articles are published together in this Journal: "Building Tall with Timber: A Paean to Wood Construction," Structural Engineering International, Vol. 18, Nr. 2, published by IABSE, pg. 130-132, May 2008. "Resisting Earth's Forces: Typologies of Timber Buildings in History," Structural Engineering International, Vol. 18, Nr. 2, published by IABSE, pg. 137-140, May 2008.
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on FORENSIC ENGINEERING FAILURE DIAGNOSIS AND PROBLEM SOLVING 6th to 9th December 2007  Mumbai, India	Preventing Pancake Collapses: Lessons from Earthquake-Resistant Traditional Construction for Modern Buildings of Reinforced Concrete, Conference Proceedings, INDIA CHAPTER OF AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE, 2007
	From “Opus Craticium” to the “Chicago Frame,” Earthquake Resistant Traditional Construction, International Journal of Architectural Heritage: Conservation, Analysis, and Restoration, London: Taylor & Francis, Volume 1, Issue 1, 01 January 2007, Pages 29 – 59. This is in the premier issue of this new journal - which is available as a "free sample" from the Taylor & Francis website (probably for a limited time - so click here to download it now.) LINK TO: International Journal of Architectural Heritage,  Conservation, Analysis, and Restoration Published By: Taylor & Francis, Volume Number: 1, Frequency: 4 issues per year Subscribe Online | Free Sample Copy
	From “Opus Craticium” to the “Chicago Frame,” Earthquake Resistant Traditional Construction, Plenary Address Paper, Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions Conf., New Delhi, 2006.  (This is an abbreviated version of the paper in the Int'l Journal of Architectural Heritage (above)
	PREVENTING PANCAKE COLLAPSES: Lessons from Earthquake-Resistant Traditional Construction for Modern Buildings of Reinforced Concrete, Proceedings of the 2006 ICCROM Special Workshop on the Integration of traditional knowledge systems and cultural heritage into risk management, at the International Disaster Reduction Conference (IDRC), Davos, August, 2006. (3MB) Co-authors: Randolph Langenbach & Alberto Dusi, THE VICTIMS' DILEMMA: When Doing Good may be Doing Wrong, Proceedings of the 2006 International Disaster Reduction Conference (IDRC), Davos, Switzerland , ICCROM Workshop on the Integration of traditional knowledge systems and cultural heritage into risk management, Davos, August, 2006. (0.3MB)
	FROM "OPUS CRATICIUM" TO THE "CHICAGO FRAME: Earthquake Resistant Traditional Construction,  Proceedings, Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC) Conference, (P.B.Lorenço, P.Roca, C.Modena, S.Agrawal, Editors) New Delhi, 2006.
	2006, Co-authors: Randolph Langenbach, Khalid Mosalam, Sinan Akarsu, Alberto Dusi; ARMATURE CROSSWALLS: A Proposed Methodology to Improve the Seismic Performance of Non-ductile Reinforced Concrete Infill Frame Structures, 8th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering (8NCEE), San Francisco 1906 anniversary, 2006. PHOTO ESSAY: Portuguese Pombalino "Gaiola" Construction revealed during renovation work in Lisbon, Portugal, January, 2003. RESEARCH PROJECT DESCRIPTION: Armature Crosswall Research Project proposal
	2006 "SAGA OF THE HALF-TIMBERED SKYSCRAPER: What Does Half-Timbered Construction have to do with the Chicago Frame," Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Construction History, Cambridge University, UK, 2006
	2005 SURVEY REPORT ON NORTHERN KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE OF OCTOBER 8, 2005 FROM THE INDIAN KASHMIR SIDE OF THE LINE OF CONTROL, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) Reconnaissance Report, Oakland, California, 2005.  This report was prepared after a brief visit to the damage district on the Indian side three weeks following the earthquake.
	2005 "ARMATURE CROSSWALLS, How pre-modern construction practices may hold the key to avoiding the collapse of vulnerable urban housing blocks, Joint US-India Symposium on Urban Housing and Infrastructure in New Delhi, October, 2005.
	2005 "COLLAPSE FROM THE INSIDE-OUT, The Impact of the 2003 Bam, Iran Earthquake on the Earthen Architecture of the Arg-e Bam," Proceedings, SismoAdobe2005: International Seminar on Earthen Buildings in Seismic Areas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru, 2005. (1.6 MB)
	2005 "Performance of the Earthen Arg-e-Bam (Bam Citadel) during the 2003 Bam, Iran, Earthquake," EERI Earthquake Spectra, Special Issue on Bam, Iran Earthquake 1, Vol. 21, December 2005. (3 MB)
	2005 "EARTHQUAKE AND THE CITADEL," in Mina Marefat, Editor, Architecture & Disaster: Guiding Sustainable Reconstruction, pre-publication page proofs of a book reporting on the International Conference and Architectural Design Studio on Bam at the Library of Congress, and the Catholic University of America, 2005. (700 kb)  (This is an edited transcript of a lecture in the Bam) NEWS REPORT:  US Dept. State News Report on the Bam Studio and International Conference at the Library of Congress, December 21, 2004.
	2004 “Soil Dynamics and the Earthquake Destruction of the Arg-e Bam,” Iranian Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Tehran, Iran, Special Issue on 26 December 2003 Bam Earthquake, 2004, Volume 5:#4 & Volume 6:#1  (900 kb) nell'italiano   "La Dinamica Dei Suoli E Gli Effetti Del Sisma Sull’architettura Di Terra Della Cittadella Di Bam" (1.4 MB)
	2004 “The Earthquake Resistance of Timber and Masonry Buildings in Turkey,” co-author with Polat Gulkan, Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, August, 2004.  (1.1 MG)

	2004,  “On the Cross of Sant’ Andrea,The Response to the Tragedy in San Giuliano di Puglia," co-author with Alberto Dusi, Earthquake Spectra, EERI, Spring, 2004.  (600 KB)
	2004 “Masonry Building Performance in the Molise Earthquake,” co-author with Luis Decanini, Adriano De Sortis, Agostino Goretti, Fabrizio Mollaioli, and Alessandro Rasulo, Earthquake Spectra, EERI, Spring, 2004.  (800 KB)

	2003:  ,  “THE INTEGRITY OF STRUCTURE: The Armature of our Architectural Heritage,"  CHS NEWSLETTER, No. 67, December 2003, London, Construction History Society.  (Edited and republished from Proceedings of the 2002 ICOMOS General Assembly, Madrid, 2002.)
	2003,  “CROSSWALLS" INSTEAD OF SHEARWALLS: A Proposed Research Project for the Retrofit of Vulnerable Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Earthquake Areas based on Traditional Hımış Construction,"  Proceedings of the Turkish Fifth National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Istanbul, 26-30 May, 2003.  (1.6 MG)
	2003,  "SURVIVORS AMONGST THE RUBBLE: Traditional Timber-laced Masonry Buildings that Survived the Great 1999 Earthquakes in Turkey and the 2001 Earthquake in India, While Modern Buildings Fell,"  Proceedings of the International Congress on Construction History, Madrid, 2003.  (1.1 MG)
	2002 "SURVIVORS AMONG THE RUINS: Traditional Houses in Earthquakes in Turkey and India," APT Bulletin, Vol. XXXIII, No. 2&3, Association for Preservation Technology, 2002.
	2002,  "Survivors in the Midst of Devastation, A Comparative Assessment of Traditional Timber and Masonry Construction in Seismic Areas,"  Proceedings of the Seventh U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, (7NCEE), EERI, Boston, July 21-25, 2002. (520kb PDF)
	2002,  "A Rich Heritage Lost: Observations on the Effects of the Bhuj Earthquake,"  Seismological Research Letters, Volume 73, No.2, March/April 2002. (750kb PDF)

2001,  "A RICH HERITAGE LOST, The Bhuj, India, Earthquake,"  CRM [Cultural Resource Management] Magazine, Volume 24, No. 8, 2001, US National Park Service, October, 2001. (100kb PDF TOUCH HERE to go to Bhuj Earthquake photographs and UNESCO Mission Report.

An interview of Randolph Langenbach in Turkish by Zeynip Ahunbay 2000, Zeynep Ahunbay, (in Turkish followed by a synopsis in English) "Geleneksel Yapılar ve Deprem, Randolph Langenbach’la Söyleşi" ("Traditional Buildings and Earthquakes, An Interview with Randolph Langenbach") YAPI 228, Mimarhk, Kültür ve Sanat (A magazine on Art and Culture, November, 2000. 2MB PDF

2000,  KEYNOTE ADDRESS  “Intuition From The Past: What Can We Learn From Traditional Construction,” to be delivered at the International Conference: Earthquake-Safe: Lessons To Be Learned From Traditional Construction, Istanbul, Turkey, November 15-18, 2000.   TOUCH HERE for news articles about this conference and a link to the other papers delivered at the conference.

2000   “Structural Conservation:  Philosophical Rules of Thumb,” unpublished report for the Kathmandu Valley Preservation Trust, Kathmandu, Nepal, June, 2000.

1998,  "Architectural Issues in the Seismic Rehabilitation of Masonry Buildings," in Disaster Management Programs for Historic Sites, Dirk Spennemann and David Look, Editors, U.S. National Park Service/APT/Charles Sturt University, 1998. [To go to external site to read or download entire book, CLICK HERE]

1997,  “Life Safety and Historic Masonry in Earthquake Country; Balancing the Objectives in the Seismic Rehabilitation of Historic Masonry Buildings,”  Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, (SDEE’97), Istanbul, Turkey, July, 1997.

1994,  "Public Policy Vs. Seismic Design: Cost And Performance Criteria For Seismic Rehabilitation Of Unreinforced Masonry  Infill Frame Buildings", Proceedings of the NCEER Workshop on Seismic Response of Masonry Infills, NCEER, March 1, 1994

1994,  "Architectural Issues In The Seismic Rehabilitation Of Masonry Buildings,"  US-Italian Workshop on Guidelines for Seismic Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings, Pavia, Italy , June, 1994.

1992,  "Earthquakes: A New Look at Cracked Masonry," Civil Engineering Magazine, November, 1992, pp56-58. (1.4MG) PHOTO ESSAY by © Randolph Langenbach, 1989 of the Oakland Hotel, Oakland, California, to illustrate the Civil Engineering article.  The Oakland Hotel, is a previously retrofitted steel frame, infill wall building after the Loma Prieta earthquake.  This was the most heavily damaged early 20th century "Chicago Frame" construction building in Oakland.  All of the interior hollow clay tile infill walls had been removed during the retrofit carried out prior to the earthquake during the conversion of the building into apartments for seniors.  (This opens an on-line PowerPoint show.)

1991,  “The Seismic Strengthening of the Pardee Home Museum” co-author with Sven Thomasen, Engineer, N.P.S. Conference on the Seismic Strengthening of Historic Buildings Proceedings, San Francisco, Ca., October, 1991

1991,  “Soft” Energy Dissipating Design for the Seismic Strengthening of Masonry Infill Frame Midrise Buildings:  The Woodrow Hotel, Oakland”, co-author with James Kelley, U.C. Berkeley, N.P.S. Conference on the Seismic Strengthening of Historic Buildings Proceedings, San Francisco, Ca., October, 1991

1990,  “Technology and Public Policy following the Loma Prieta Earthquake”, The  1st  International Conference on the Planning and Management of the Building Process in Europe '92 Proceedings, sponsored by: the Ordine Degli Ingegneri Della Provincia di Roma, Rome, March, 1990.

1990,  “OF TAQ AND DHAJJI DWARI:  The Earthquake Resistant Mud Architecture of Kashmir,” ADOBE 90, International Conference on Earthen Architecture Proceedings, Las Cruces, New Mexico, November, 1990, re-published in Traditional Southwest Magazine, February 5, 1992. Please note:  This link only shows the text for this published article.  For photographs to illustrate the subject matter, please see 1989 APT Bulletin: "Bricks, Mortar and Earthquakes." For those with a particular interest in Srinagar and Kashmir, "Of Taq and Dhajji Dwari" does go into the subject of the traditional architecture of Kashmir itself in greater depth than the earlier 1989 article. For more on Historic Preservation in India, see also  1982,  "India in Conflict: Urban Renewal Moves East," Historic Preservation, National Trust For Historic Preservation, 34:3, May-June 1982, pp46-51 (Located on "General Articles on Conservation" page)

1989,  “Traditional Unreinforced Masonry in Seismic Areas & The Loma Prieta Earthquake”,  International Technical Conference on Structural Conservation of Stone Masonry, Athens, Greece, sponsored by: ICCROM, the National Technical University of Athens, & the Greek Ministry of Culture, Oct. 1989.

1989,  "Traditional Construction Practices Utilizing Unreinforced Masonry in Seismic Areas,"  Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Working Paper Series, Vol XVII, Berkeley, CEDR, 1989. p107-119.

1989,  "Learning from the Past: Traditional and Contemporary Unreinforced Masonry in Seismic Areas,"  Proceedings of the International Technical Conference on Structural Conservation of Stone Masonry, (Peer reviewed publication) Athens, Greece, ICCROM, National Technical University of Athens, & Greek Ministry of Culture, Oct. 1989.

1989,  "Bricks, Mortar, and Earthquakes, Historic Preservation vs. Earthquake Safety,"  APT Bulletin, The Journal of Preservation Technology, The Association for Preservation Technology International, XXI, 3&4, Sept. 1989.  OLIVER TORREY FULLER AWARD ARTICLE, 1990.

1987,  "Traditional Masonry and Contemporary Reinforced Concrete Frame with Infill Wall Construction in Seismic Areas," Proceedings, Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering, New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, New Zealand, Vol 2, pp 129-37.

1987,  "Masonry as a Ductile Material: Traditional and Contemporary Construction Practices Utilizing Unreinforced Masonry in Seismic Areas,"  Proceedings: Fourth North American Masonry Conference, Masonry Society, Los Angeles, Vol I, pp 33.1 - 33.14

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M-Arch (Harvard), Dipl.Conservation (York, England)
 

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