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PUBLICATIONS

Books and Articles by Randolph Langenbach on the subject of 

EARTHQUAKES AND TRADITIONAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

 

In reverse chronological order-most recent first.

Publications available here on web marked in Blue
 

 

BOOKS    
2010

BOOK

pdf iconRandolph Langenbach Stephen Kelley, Patrick Sparks, Kevin Rowell, Martin Hammer, Co-authors, Preserving Haiti's Gingerbread Houses, World Monuments Fund.  85 pages, published December 2010.

See also the blog website:  www.haiti-patrimoine.org.

 

2009 BOOK

Don't Tear It Down! 
Preserving the Earthquake Resistant Vernacular Architecture of Kashmir
UNESCO, New Delhi, 2009.  Republished for distribution outside of South Asia by Oinfroin Media, USA, 2009.  (Available in print, and as a downloadable Adobe Digital Editions eBook)

For more information about the book, prices, availability in South Asia and the rest of the world, with links to retailers, see:
www.traditional-is-modern.net



BOOK CHAPTERS  
2021, Book Chapter pdf icon Chapter 3: Traditional Timber-laced Masonry Construction in Turkey known as hımış,
Co-authors: Polat Gülkan and Randolph Langenbach

in Masonry Construction in Active Seismic Regions, published by Woodhead Publishing, an imprint of ELSEVIER

2016, Book Chapter

 

pdf iconChapter 1: What We Learn from Vernacular Construction

Excerpts of the book as a whole can be read in Google Books Here.  In Google Books, Chapter 1 is shown complete.  To find it, turn through 20 pages of the book's front matter with Roman numeral numbered pages, to find it on page numbers 3-36.

In: K.A. Harries & B. Sharma, editors; Nonconventional and Vernacular Construction Materials, Characterisation, Properties and Applications, Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering, No. 58, Elsevier, London, 2016, pp 3-36

2014, Book Chapter  

pdf iconco-author with Greg Bankoff, University of Hull, UK, and Maggie Stephenson, UN-HABITAT,
Chapter 5: Culture, Risk, and the Built Environment, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies World Disaster Report 2014, (see page 146 for list of authors of this Chapter.)

OPEN ACCESS
Link to free download of PDF of complete WORLD DISASTER REPORT 2014

 

2015, Book Chapter  pdf iconKeynote Address paper From Natural Phenomena to Disaster, The Increasing Flood Risks to Built Heritage in the Modern World, in Flood Protection for Historic Sites, Papers from 2014 International Conference in Dresden, DRESDEN, Germany, ICOMOS-DE, 2015.

OPEN ACCESS:
Complete book Flood Protection for Historic Sites, available for free download from ICOMOS-DE Website.

For other publications by ICOMOS-DE: CLICK HERE

2015, Book Chapter pdf iconChapter 12: "The Earthquake Resistant Vernacular Architecture of the Himalayas,"

in S
eismic retrofitting: Learning from Vernacular Architecture.  Edited by: Professors Mariana R. Correia, Paulo B. Lourenco, and Humberto Varum (Portugal). Published by CRC Press/Balkema,The Netherlands (Taylor & Francis Group), 2015.
2015, Book Chapter pdf iconKeynote Address paper Timber Frames and Solid Walls: Earthquake Resilient Construction from Roman Times to the Origins of the Modern Skyscraper, 1st International Symposium on Historic Earthquake-Resistant Timber Frames in The Mediterranean Area (H.Ea.R.T.2013, Cosenza, Calabria, Italy. 

Published as a book in 2015 by Springer Publishers.




JOURNAL ARTICLES AND CONFERENCE PAPERS

2019, Keynote

 

pdf icon2019, Paper for Keynote Addresse. RECOVERING THE LOST ‘MOMENT’:  How Turkish Himiş Infill Masonry Construction May Hold the Secret to Stopping Pancake Collapse of Concrete Moment Frame Buildings.  7th Structural Engineers World Congress 2019: "Architecture and Structure: From Past to Future, 24-26 April 2019.

2019, Keynote

pdf icon2019, Paper for Keynote Addresses in Two Conferences. RECOVERING THE LOST ‘MOMENT’: How Timber-Laced Masonry May Hold the Secret To Stopping Pancake Collapse of Concrete Moment Frames.  South Asia Earthquake Network (SHAKE) & NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan, 2019.


Photos of SACEE Conference & Speakers

2017, Journal Chapter

pdf icon2017, Chapter 2: EARTHQUAKES AND MASONRY: What can be learned from Nepal?, OPUS: Storia Architettura Restauro Disegno (History Architecture, Conservation Drawing) Journal, Gangemi Editore, International, No. 1, December, 2017.

2017, Keynote
pdf icon2017, Keynote Address Paper, TIMBER 2.0: Resilience and Vulnerability of Wood Construction in Earthquakes and Fires, Proceedings of SHATIS'17: 4th International Conference on Structural Health Assessment of Timber Structures, Edited by Dr. Görün Arun, 20-22 September, 2017, Tübitak, Istanbul, Turkey. ISBN: 978-605-62703-7-6.


UN-WCDR: World Conf. on Disaster Risk Reduction

2015, Keynote 2015, Keynote Address Paper: Traditional is Modern: Traditional Building Technology for Resilience in the Modern Era, Proceedings of the International Expert Meeting on Cultural Heritage and Disaster Resilient Communities within the framework of the 3rd UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, March 2015.

The UN-WCDRR Book of Proceedings was published 2016.

 

2014, Newsletter

pdf icon2014, Rubble Stone Walls and Reinforced concrete Frames, Heritage Structures Reveal the Hidden Truth about Risk and Resilience during the Haiti Earthquake, ICOMOS, ISCARSAH (International Scientific Committee on the Analysis and Restoration of Structures of Architectural Heritage),Issue #5. (2MB)

 

2013, Keynote

 

pdf icon2013, Keynote Address Lecture: (This lecture was presented without a paper.) Traditional IS Modern: Making Earthen Construction Work in Earthquake Areas of the Modern World,  International Conference on Earthen Architecture, Istanbul, Turkey. 
 

2013, Keynote

 

pdf icon2013, Keynote Address paper The Great Counterintuitive: Re-evaluating Historic and Contemporary Building Construction for Earthquake Collapse Prevention. International Conference on Structures and Architecture, Guimarães, Portugal, July, 2013
 

2013, Keynote

pdf icon2013, Keynote Address paper Better than Steel? (Part 2)  Tall Wooden Factories and the Invention of "Slow-burning" Heavy Timber Construction. MiniSymposium on Building Tall Buildings with Wood, International Conference on Structures and Architecture, Guimarães, Portugal, July, 2013
 

2012, Invited speaker

pdf icon2012, Was Haiti in 2010 the next Tangshan in 1976: Heritage Structures Reveal the Hidden Truth about Risk and Resilience during the Haiti Earthquake, Proceedings of the ICOMOS Scientific Symposium on 'Reducing Risks to Cultural Heritage from Natural and Human-Caused Disasters, Beijing, China, 31 October, 2012.  2MB

 

2011 (1), Keynote

pdf icon2011, Keynote Address Paper Ancient Construction Technologies that can Protect Modern Buildings From Collapse in Earthquakes, Proceedings of CICOP Pre-conference of the of the Biennale of the Architectural and Urban Spaces (BRAU), The 4th International Conference on Hazards and Modern Heritage, Sarajevo, Bosnia, June 13-16, 2011.  0.6MB
 

2011 (1), Keynote

 

pdf icon2011, Keynote Address Extended Abstract Back to the Future: Lessons from the Past for a more Earthquake-Resistant City, Proceedings of BNCA Healthy Cities International Conference, Pune, India, February 2011, 1 MB
2010(3) Invited speaker pdf icon2010, ‘Earthquake Resistant Traditional Construction’ is Not an Oxymoron: The Resilience of Timber and Masonry Structures in the Himalayan Region and Beyond, and its Relevance to Heritage Preservation in Bhutan,  The Royal Government of Bhutan's International Conference on Disaster Management and Cultural Heritage: “Living in Harmony with the Four Elements" Proceedings, Thimpu, Bhutan, 12-14-December 2010.  1.2MB
2010 (2), Keynote pdf icon2010, Keynote Address paper Rescuing the Baby from the Bathwater: Traditional Masonry as Earthquake-Resistant Construction, , 8th International Masonry Conference, Dresden Germany, July, 2010.
2010 (1), Keynote pdf icon2010, Keynote Address paper Better than Steel?  The use of timber for large and tall buildings from Ancient Times until the Present. MiniSymposium on Building Tall Buildings with Wood, International Conference on Structures and Architecture, Guimarães, Portugal, July, 2010

 




2008 (3) pdf icon2008, Learning from the Past to Protect the Future: Armature Crosswalls, Engineering Structures, Elsevier. Vol. 30, No. 8, August 2008, pp 2096-2100
2008 (2) pdf icon2008, Building Tall with Timber, A Paean to Wood Construction, Structural Engineering International (SEI), Journal of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), Volume 18, N. 2, May, 2008, pp 130-132.
2008 (1) pdf icon2008, Resisting Earth’s Forces: Typologies of Timber Buildings in History, Structural Engineering International (SEI), Journal of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), Volume 18, N. 2, May, 2008, pp 137-140.

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
on
FORENSIC ENGINEERING
FAILURE DIAGNOSIS AND PROBLEM SOLVING
6th to 9th December 2007
 Mumbai, India

2007 (3), Keynote pdf icon2007, Keynote Address paper, Preventing Pancake Collapses: Lessons from Earthquake-Resistant Traditional Construction for Modern Buildings of Reinforced Concrete, INDIA CHAPTER OF AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE, Mumbai, India, 2007
 
2007 (2) pdf icon2007, From “Opus Craticium” to the “Chicago Frame,” Earthquake Resistant Traditional Construction, International Journal of Architectural Heritage, Taylor & Francis, Vol. I: p29-59, 2007 (Invited paper for the Inaugural Issue of the Journal). 

This is in the premier issue of this journal - which was launched in 2007 with this first issue available for free from the Taylor & Francis at this website: International Journal of Architectural Heritage,  Conservation, Analysis, and Restoration.  Published By: Taylor & Francis, Volume Number: 1, Frequency: 4 issues per year: Subscribe Online

2007 (1) HERITAGE AT RISK
The Heritage@Risk program was endorsed by ICOMOS members at the General Assembly in Mexico in 1999 to identify threatened heritage places in a series of reports.

2007, Heritage at Risk - Special Edition 2007 Report, Cultural Heritage and Natural Disasters: Risk preparedness and the limits of prevention,  Edited by Hans-Rudolf Meier, Michael Petzet and Thomas Will

1) Table of Contents, etc.

2) Randolph Langenbach: Understanding What Works: Lessons from Earthquake Resistant Traditional Construction, excerpt from Heritage at Risk Special Edition 2007

3) PDF of Complete Heritage at Risk Special Edition 2007 Report

2006 (4), Plenary

pdf icon From “Opus Craticium” to the “Chicago Frame,” Earthquake Resistant Traditional Construction, Plenary Address Paper, Proceedings, Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions Conf., (P.B.Lorenço, P.Roca, C.Modena, S.Agrawal, New Delhi, India, 2006.

2006 (3) pdf iconPREVENTING PANCAKE COLLAPSES: Lessons from Earthquake-Resistant Traditional Construction for Modern Buildings of Reinforced Concrete, Proceedings of the 2006 ICCROM Special Workshop on the Integration of traditional knowledge systems and cultural heritage into risk management, at the International Disaster Reduction Conference (IDRC), Davos, Switzerland, August, 2006. (3MB)

pdf icon2006, Co-authors: Randolph Langenbach & Alberto Dusi, THE VICTIMS' DILEMMA: When Doing Good may be Doing Wrong, Proceedings of the 2006 International Disaster Reduction Conference (IDRC), Davos, Switzerland , ICCROM Workshop on the Integration of traditional knowledge systems and cultural heritage into risk management, Davos, Switzerland, August, 2006. (0.3MB)  Updated in 2011 with new illustrations in color.
 

2006 (2) pdf icon2006, Co-authors: Randolph Langenbach, Khalid Mosalam, Sinan Akarsu, Alberto Dusi; ARMATURE CROSSWALLS: A Proposed Methodology to Improve the Seismic Performance of Non-ductile Reinforced Concrete Infill Frame Structures, 8th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering (8NCEE), San Francisco 1906 anniversary, San Francisco, California, USA, April 2006.

PHOTO ESSAY: Portuguese Pombalino "Gaiola" Construction revealed during renovation work in Lisbon, Portugal, January, 2003.

RESEARCH PROJECT DESCRIPTION: Armature Crosswall Research Project proposal

2006 (1) pdf icon2006 "SAGA OF THE HALF-TIMBERED SKYSCRAPER: What Does Half-Timbered Construction have to do with the Chicago Frame," Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Construction History, Cambridge University, UK, 2006
2005 (5) pdf icon2005 SURVEY REPORT ON NORTHERN KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE OF OCTOBER 8, 2005 FROM THE INDIAN KASHMIR SIDE OF THE LINE OF CONTROL, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) Reconnaissance Report, Oakland, California, 2005.  This report was prepared after a brief visit to the damage district on the Indian side three weeks following the earthquake.
2005 (4) pdf icon2005 "ARMATURE CROSSWALLS, How pre-modern construction practices may hold the key to avoiding the collapse of vulnerable urban housing blocks, Joint US-India Symposium on Urban Housing and Infrastructure in New Delhi, India, October, 2005.
2005 (3) pdf icon2005 "COLLAPSE FROM THE INSIDE-OUT, The Impact of the 2003 Bam, Iran Earthquake on the Earthen Architecture of the Arg-e Bam," Proceedings, SismoAdobe2005: International Seminar on Earthen Buildings in Seismic Areas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru, 2005. (1.6 MB)
2005 (2) pdf icon2005 "Performance of the Earthen Arg-e-Bam (Bam Citadel) during the 2003 Bam, Iran, Earthquake," EERI Earthquake Spectra, Special Issue on Bam, Iran Earthquake 1, Vol. 21, December 2005. (3 MB)
2005 (1) pdf icon2005 "EARTHQUAKE AND THE CITADEL," in Mina Marefat, Editor, Architecture & Disaster: Guiding Sustainable Reconstruction, pre-publication page proofs of a book reporting on the International Conference and Architectural Design Studio on Bam at the Library of Congress, and the Catholic University of America, 2005. (700 kb)  (This is an edited transcript of a lecture in the Bam)

NEWS REPORT:  US Dept. State News Report on the Bam Studio and International Conference at the Library of Congress, December 21, 2004.

2004 (5) 2004Soil Dynamics and the Earthquake Destruction of the Arg-e Bam,” Iranian Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Tehran, Iran, Special Issue on 26 December 2003 Bam Earthquake, 2004, Volume 5:#4 & Volume 6:#1  (900 kb)

nell'italiano 
 "La Dinamica Dei Suoli E Gli Effetti Del Sisma Sull’architettura Di Terra Della Cittadella Di Bam" (1.4 MB)


2004 (3) 2004, co-author with Polat Gulkan, “The Earthquake Resistance of Timber and Masonry Buildings in Turkey,” Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, Canada, August, 2004.  (1.1 MG)
2004 (2) 2004,  co-author with Alberto Dusi, On the Cross of Sant’ Andrea,The Response to the Tragedy in San Giuliano di Puglia," Earthquake Spectra, EERI, Spring, 2004.  (600 KB)
2004 (1) 2004, co-author with Luis Decanini, Adriano De Sortis, Agostino Goretti, Fabrizio Mollaioli, and Alessandro RasuloMasonry Building Performance in the Molise Earthquake,” Earthquake Spectra, EERI, Spring, 2004.  (800 KB)
2003 (3)

 

2003:  ,  “THE INTEGRITY OF STRUCTURE: The Armature of our Architectural Heritage,"  CHS NEWSLETTER, No. 67, December 2003, London, Construction History Society.  (Edited and republished from Proceedings of the 2002 ICOMOS General Assembly, Madrid, 2002.)

 

2003 (2) 2003,  CROSSWALLS" INSTEAD OF SHEARWALLS: A Proposed Research Project for the Retrofit of Vulnerable Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Earthquake Areas based on Traditional Hımış Construction, Proceedings of the Turkish Fifth National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Istanbul, 26-30 May, 2003.  (1.6 MG)
03-Herculaneum-cracticium.jpg (49114 bytes) 2003 (1) 2003,  "SURVIVORS AMONGST THE RUBBLE: Traditional Timber-laced Masonry Buildings that Survived the Great 1999 Earthquakes in Turkey and the 2001 Earthquake in India, While Modern Buildings Fell,"  Proceedings of the International Congress on Construction History, Madrid, Spain, 2003.  (1.1 MG)
2002 (3) 2002 "SURVIVORS AMONG THE RUINS: Traditional Houses in Earthquakes in Turkey and India," APT Bulletin, Vol. XXXIII, No. 2&3, Association for Preservation Technology, 2002.
09-Safranbolu.jpg (47458 bytes) 2002 (2) pdf icon2002,  "Survivors in the Midst of Devastation, A Comparative Assessment of Traditional Timber and Masonry Construction in Seismic Areas,Proceedings of the Seventh U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, (7NCEE), EERI, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, July 21-25, 2002. (520kb PDF)
Seism-ltrs-cvr.jpg (41067 bytes) 2002 (1) pdf icon2002,  "A Rich Heritage Lost: Observations on the Effects of the Bhuj Earthquake,Seismological Research Letters, Volume 73, No.2, March/April 2002. (750kb PDF)
2001 (1) pdf icon2001,  "A RICH HERITAGE LOST, The Bhuj, India, Earthquake,CRM [Cultural Resource Management] Magazine, Volume 24, No. 8, 2001, US National Park Service, October, 2001. (100kb PDF

CLICK HERE to go to Bhuj Earthquake
photographs and UNESCO Mission Report.

2000 (3)

pdf icon2000, Zeynep Ahunbay, (in Turkish followed by a synopsis in English) "Geleneksel Yapılar ve Deprem, Randolph Langenbach’la Söyleşi" ("Traditional Buildings and Earthquakes, An Interview with Randolph Langenbach") YAPI 228, Mimarhk, Kültür ve Sanat (A magazine on Art and Culture, November, 2000. 2MB PDF   (This paper is authored by Professor Zeynip Ahunbay, based on an interview by her of Randolph Langenbach.)

2000 (2) 2000,  KEYNOTE ADDRESS  Intuition From The Past: What Can We Learn From Traditional Construction,” to be delivered at the International Conference: Earthquake-Safe: Lessons To Be Learned From Traditional Construction, Istanbul, Turkey, November 15-18, 2000.  

CLICK HERE for news articles about this conference and a link to the other papers delivered at the conference.

2000 (1)

2000   “Structural Conservation:  Philosophical Rules of Thumb,unpublished report for the Kathmandu Valley Preservation Trust, Kathmandu, Nepal, June, 2000.

  1998 (1)

1998,  "Architectural Issues in the Seismic Rehabilitation of Masonry Buildings," in Disaster Management Programs for Historic Sites, Dirk Spennemann and David Look, Editors, U.S. National Park Service/APT/Charles Sturt University, 1998.

  1997 (1)

1997,  “Life Safety and Historic Masonry in Earthquake Country; Balancing the Objectives in the Seismic Rehabilitation of Historic Masonry Buildings,”  Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, (SDEE’97), Istanbul, Turkey, July, 1997.

  1994 (2)

1994,  "Public Policy Vs. Seismic Design: Cost And Performance Criteria For Seismic Rehabilitation Of Unreinforced Masonry  Infill Frame Buildings", Proceedings of the NCEER Workshop on Seismic Response of Masonry Infills, NCEER, March 1, 1994

  1994 (1)

1994,  "Architectural Issues In The Seismic Rehabilitation Of Masonry Buildings,"  US-Italian Workshop on Guidelines for Seismic Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings, Pavia, Italy , June, 1994.

1992 (1)

pdf icon1992,  "Earthquakes: A New Look at Cracked Masonry," Civil Engineering Magazine, November, 1992, pp56-58. (1.4MG)

PHOTO ESSAY by © Randolph Langenbach, 1989 of the Oakland Hotel, Oakland, California, to illustrate the Civil Engineering article.  The Oakland Hotel, is a previously retrofitted steel frame, infill wall building after the Loma Prieta earthquake.  This was the most heavily damaged early 20th century "Chicago Frame" construction building in Oakland.  All of the interior hollow clay tile infill walls had been removed during the retrofit carried out prior to the earthquake during the conversion of the building into apartments for seniors.  (This opens an on-line PowerPoint show.)

1991 (3) pdf icon1991, Landmarks And Earthquakes: The Impact Of The Loma Prieta Earthquake On The Conservation Of Landmarks In Oakland California, The Alliance Review, National Alliance of Preservation Commissions, Fall 1991.
1991 (2)

1991,  The Seismic Strengthening of the Pardee Home Museum co-author with Sven Thomasen, Engineer, N.P.S. Conference on the Seismic Strengthening of Historic Buildings Proceedings, San Francisco, Ca., October, 1991

1991 (1) 1991,  Soft” Energy Dissipating Design for the Seismic Strengthening of Masonry Infill Frame Midrise Buildings:  The Woodrow Hotel, Oakland, co-author with James Kelley, U.C. Berkeley, N.P.S. Conference on the Seismic Strengthening of Historic Buildings Proceedings, San Francisco, California, USA., October, 1991
  1990 (2)

1990,  “Technology and Public Policy following the Loma Prieta Earthquake”, The  1st  International Conference on the Planning and Management of the Building Process in Europe '92 Proceedings, sponsored by: the Ordine Degli Ingegneri Della Provincia di Roma, Rome, Italy, March, 1990.

 

Canalside warehouse showing 'Taq' style of construction, Srinagar, Kashmir.  From 1989 APT BULLETIN article. 1990 (1)

pdf icon1990,  OF TAQ AND DHAJJI DWARI:  The Earthquake Resistant Mud Architecture of Kashmir,” ADOBE 90, International Conference on Earthen Architecture Proceedings, Las Cruces, New Mexico, November, 1990, re-published in Traditional Southwest Magazine, February 5, 1992.  (Text only)

Please note:  For those with a particular interest in Srinagar and Kashmir, "Of Taq and Dhajji Dwari" does go into the subject of the traditional architecture of Kashmir itself in greater depth than the earlier 1989 article Bricks, Mortar and Earthquakes (below).

For more on Historic Preservation in India, see also  1982,  "India in Conflict: Urban Renewal Moves East," Historic Preservation, National Trust For Historic Preservation, 34:3, May-June 1982, pp46-51 (Located on "General Articles on Conservation" page)

 

  1989 (3)

1989,  “Traditional Unreinforced Masonry in Seismic Areas & The Loma Prieta Earthquake”,  International Technical Conference on Structural Conservation of Stone Masonry, Athens, Greece, sponsored by: ICCROM, the National Technical University of Athens, & the Greek Ministry of Culture, Oct. 1989.

  1989 (2)

1989,  "Traditional Construction Practices Utilizing Unreinforced Masonry in Seismic Areas,"  Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Working Paper Series, Vol XVII, Berkeley, CEDR, 1989. p107-119.

  1989 (1)

1989,  "Learning from the Past: Traditional and Contemporary Unreinforced Masonry in Seismic Areas,"  Proceedings of the International Technical Conference on Structural Conservation of Stone Masonry, (Peer reviewed publication) Athens, Greece, ICCROM, National Technical University of Athens, & Greek Ministry of Culture, Oct. 1989.

Canalside warehouse showing 'Taq' style of construction, Srinagar, Kashmir.  From 1989 APT BULLETIN article. 1989 (1) 1989,  "Bricks, Mortar, and Earthquakes, Historic Preservation vs. Earthquake Safety,"  APT Bulletin, The Journal of Preservation Technology, The Association for Preservation Technology International, XXI, 3&4, Sept. 1989.  OLIVER TORREY FULLER AWARD ARTICLE, 1990.
1987 (2)

1987,  "Traditional Masonry and Contemporary Reinforced Concrete Frame with Infill Wall Construction in Seismic Areas," Proceedings, Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering, New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, New Zealand, Vol 2, pp 129-37.

1987 (1)

1987,  "Masonry as a Ductile Material: Traditional and Contemporary Construction Practices Utilizing Unreinforced Masonry in Seismic Areas,"  Proceedings: Fourth North American Masonry Conference, Masonry Society, Los Angeles, California, USAVol I, pp 33.1 - 33.14

     

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M-Arch (Harvard), Dipl.Conservation (York, England)

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